Submissions and enquiries

Submitting authors, please consult our Notes for Authors (below). JPR uses the Sagetrack manuscript tracking system. Please register all new submissions and resubmissions at Manuscript Central.

In order to get a manuscript published in the Journal of Peace Research, it must be completely compliant with JPR's style of choice, SAGE's Harvard referencing style. After conditional acceptance, authors must make sure to revise the manuscript in accordance with the guidelines sent to them.

Subscriptions

SAGE Publications handle all subscriptions and sales for JPR.

Contact information

Please send enquiries to jpr@prio.org.

Mailing address The Editor-in-Chief Journal of Peace Research PRIO PO Box 9229 Grønland NO-0134 Oslo Norway

Visiting / delivery address (how to find) Journal of Peace Research PRIO Hausmanns gate 3 NO-0186 Oslo Norway

Notes for Authors

1. Submissions

All manuscripts should be submitted via Sagetrack.

The system provides step-by step instructions on how to submit. If you have an account that you can no longer access or if you encounter difficulties with Sagetrack, please contact the Editorial Office at jpr@prio.org.

At first submission, we require that the manuscript:

1. be anonymous (author details should appear only on separate title page; see Section 6);
2. uses the author-date citation system;
3. includes an alphabetical list of references;
4. complies in word count (maximum 11,000 words for Regular Articles, 6.000 words for Special Data Features, 5,000 words for State of the Art Review Essays, and 4,000 words for Research Notes including all elements*), although an excess 10% is accepted at first submission;
5. uses ample line spacing throughout (1.5 or double);
6. includes an abstract (~200–300 words).

* Maximum word count includes title page including abstract + keywords, article text, footnotes/end notes, all figures and tables content, references, bio sketches, replication statement, funding statement, acknowledgements… with the exception of online appendices. Irrespective of the word-count limit of a given article type, the editorial office reserves the right to request that an article be shortened if it is deemed appropriate

After conditional acceptance, we require that the manuscript follows points (2)–(6) above and, in addition:

1. be completely compliant with JPR style (see detailed instructions in Sections 7–17);
2. includes a first page with a) name and affiliation (department and institution) of author(s), b) abstract, c) keywords, and d) e-mail address (and contact information) of corresponding author;
3. includes a replication data statement (see Section 18);
4. includes the acknowledgements and a funding statement (if applicable, see Section 19).
5. includes a bibliographical statement (see Section 20);

2. Editorial policies

In general, JPR does not provide pre-submission feedback on the suitability or quality of a manuscript. Submitted manuscripts are initially read and evaluated by the Editorial Office. We aim at making a decision on whether to send manuscripts for peer review within three weeks. For manuscripts that are sent to referees, we try to complete the evaluation process within three months.

As a general rule, JPR operates a double-blind peer review process in which the reviewer’s identity is withheld from the author and the author’s identity is withheld from the reviewer. Reviewers may at their own discretion opt to reveal their name to the author in their review, but our standard policy is for both identities to remain concealed.

JPR does not accept double submissions, submissions of previously published work, or ‘data slicing’, i.e. articles that represent only marginal progress from the authors’ earlier work. The editorial evaluation process is so time-consuming that we cannot set it in motion until we are sure that a manuscript presents new research and is seriously intended for JPR.

We will occasionally accept articles that are extracts from or summaries of books published at about the same time, and articles which have appeared in other languages. However, these are borderline cases. Authors should call our attention to such situations in the cover letter. You may also contact the Editorial Office at jpr@prio.org if you have any particular questions.

We do not publish comments to previously published articles in the printed version of the journal. Corrections and comments are occasionally posted electronically on our data replication page at https://www.prio.org/jpr/datasets/. Please contact the Editorial Office at jpr@prio.org if you have a comment or correction that you would like to post.

We do not invite revised versions of once rejected manuscripts.

3. Publication process, copyright, and permissions

• Information regarding color options and costs should be requested from the SAGE contact sending you your article proof for checking after your article has been accepted.
• Upon acceptance of your article, please sign the Contributor form as soon as possible to not delay the export of your article to SAGE.
• The proof will be sent to you after the article has been copy-edited and typeset. It is unfortunately not possible to provide an estimation of time for this process.
• For Open Access options, please take a look at Sage’s website, which outlines the various options. After acceptance, SAGE will discuss the options for Open Acess publications with the author(s).

4. Types of articles

Regular articles

Regular articles typically include a literature review, a theoretical framework, a discussion of the methodology and data, and an independent empirical analysis and discussion. Successful articles should engage in ongoing debates in the field and clearly state its contribution to an existing research literature. Regular articles can be up to 11,000 words including all elements (title page, abstract, notes, reference list, tables, biographical statement, acknowledgements, etc.). Before submitting, authors are encouraged to look at research articles previously published in the Journal of Peace Research at http://jpr.sagepub.com/.

Special data features

Special data features introduce new datasets or significant revisions of existing ones. In addition to describing new datasets, special data features should show how the new data can make a genuine contribution to the study of conflict and peace, for instance by pointing to results that are significantly different from previously published work. We do not require the same level of theoretical sophistication and detailed empirical investigation as for regular research articles. Furthermore, we do not require that the dataset is submitted along with the article at first submission, but authors are welcome to do so, and may find that reviewers are able to provide better feedback if given access to the data. Special data features can be up to 6,000 words including all elements (title page, abstract, notes, reference list, tables, biographical statement, acknowledgements, etc.).

An example of a special data feature is ‘Funding rebellion: The Rebel Contraband Dataset’ by Walsh JI, Conrad JM,  Whitaker BE, et al., published in 2018 (Volume 55, Issue 5).

State-of-the-Art Review essays

A State-of-the-Art Review Essay synthesizes ‘state of the art’ research. The review should be focused and comprehensive. It should summarize the research on a specific topic that truly represents cutting edge research. They should not be limited to a single book or several books. These essays will be double-anonymized peer-reviewed. They will be no longer than 5,000 words long. Each issue of the journal will not contain more than one Review Essay. State-of-the-Art Review Essays can be up to 5,000 words including all elements (title page, abstract, notes, reference list, tables, biographical statement, acknowledgements, etc.).

An example of a state-of the art review article is ‘International organizations, the EU and peace among member states: Bringing organization structure in’ by Egeberg M (2024).

Research Note

Research notes are short (up to 6,000 words including all elements) and highly accessible, with a more specific aim than regular articles. For example, research notes may introduce new empirical assessments of established theoretical concepts or may concentrate on conceptual and theoretical propositions without introducing novel empirical evidence. Research notes may also offer original descriptive evidence of important trends, which challenge existing knowledge or provoke inquiries for future research.

5. Language and punctuation

Articles should be able to communicate clearly with an international audience. A basic criterion is clarity of expression, while a secondary aim is ‘elegance in style’.

We allow both UK and US spelling, as long as there is consistency within the article. More detailed information on spelling and punctuation can be found in Section 4 of Sage's style guide.

Since JPR is an international journal, authors should avoid ‘nationalistic’ language such as the use of ‘us’ for their own nation or group of nations and ‘them’ for others. We encourage gender-neutral language wherever possible.

Abbreviations should be used sparingly and explained the first time they occur. When abbreviations are used in a figure or table, they should be explained in a note or legend. Abbreviations consisting of capital letters should not contain full stops, e.g. USA, WHO, UN or NATO, and not U.S.A., W.H.O., U.N. or N.A.T.O. Authors should also avoid colloquialisms. No comma after e.g., i.e. or cf. and etc. has a full stop and is usually preceded by a comma in a list.  Section headings are not numbered and authors should refer to different sections by name, e.g. ‘In the theory section/chapter’ instead of ‘In Section 4’.

After conditional acceptance, the manuscript should be referred to as ‘article’ instead of ‘paper’, ‘manuscript’, etc. After conditional acceptance, authors must make sure that the use of personal pronoun is correct. Articles with single authors should use ‘I’, ‘my’, etc., while articles by multiple co-authors should use ‘we’, ‘our’, etc.

We prefer USA (not ‘America’) for the name of the country, and US as an adjective. We further prefer Türkiye (not ‘Turkey’) and Czechia (not ‘Czech Republic’).

6. Anonymization

In order to facilitate a blinded review process, authors must make sure that their manuscript is properly anonymized before submitting to JPR. If necessary, the editorial office will remove/black out names or links prior to sending out a manuscript for review.

1. Remove names, affiliations, project names, acknowledgements, funding information, etc. from the manuscript. This information should be included in a separate title page.
2. Limit the number of self-references in the manuscript to those that are relevant for reviewers. Self-references may be reinserted upon conditional acceptance.
3. Avoid phrases like ‘as we have shown before’, ‘using our original definition’, etc.
4. Replace your name with ‘Author’ if a reference can reveal your identity.
5. Remove any links to private websites, data repositories etc. from the main manuscript and the (online) appendix.

7. Abstract

Abstracts should be between 200 and 300 words. A shorter abstract may suffice for very short articles (e.g. research notes). An abstract should summarize the actual content of the article, rather than merely relate what subject the article deals with. It is more important to state an interesting finding than to detail the kind of data used: instead of ‘the hypothesis was tested’, the outcome of the test should be stated. Abstracts should be written in the present tense and in the third person (‘This article deals with ...’) or passive (‘... is discussed and rejected’). Please consider carefully what terms to include in order to increase the visibility of the abstract in electronic searches. The abstract should not include footnotes or links.

8. Title and headings

‘Sentence case’ (instead of ‘Capitalizing Each Word’) should be used for the title as well as all headings, subheadings, variable names, and table and figure contents.

Sections should not be numbered. This makes it important to distinguish between levels of subheads in the ms. by typographical means (using bold, italic, etc.).

Turning away from terrorism: Lessons from psychology, sociology, and criminology

Table 1. Factors for terrorist disengagement.

Figure 3. Predicted levels of fragmentation by factor in wartime.

9. Quotations

Use ‘single’ quotation marks for quoted words, phrases and sentences run into the text. “Double” quotation marks should be used only for ‘quotations “within” quotations’.

Longer quotations (40 words or more) should be indented without quotation marks and double-spaced in the manuscript. Ample space should be left before and after such quotations. They will be indented and appear in smaller type in the printed article.

Responsibility for the accuracy of quotations, as well as for permission to quote extensively, rests with the author.

All quotes must be referred to with page number(s), which should be separated from the year with a colon, e.g. ‘Rudolfsen, 2020: 218’ or ‘Rudolfsen, 2020: 218-219'

If quotes have been shortened, place ‘...’ inside brackets: ‘[...]’:

Djuve and Knutsen (2024: 448) define that a ‘ “regime change from within” ‘ as  ‘a substantial change […] that is, at least in part, guided by incumbent regime elites.’

10. Notes

Notes (footnotes or endnotes) should be used only where substantive information is conveyed to the reader. JPR uses the Sage Harvard reference style, which is an in-text author-date style. Mere literature references should normally not necessitate separate notes. Notes should appear as footnotes in the final version of the manuscript (after conditional acceptance), but they may be either footnotes or endnotes in earlier versions. Notes are numbered with Arabic numerals, and they are included in the word count.

11. Models and equations

When referring to specific models, equations, figures, and tables, the first letter should be capitalized, e.g. ‘In Model 2’ or ‘Table 1 shows’ but ‘The first models included…’ or 'the tables summarize...'.

Equations should be included within the main text and numbered in sequence throughout the text, with the numbering continuing through the appendices. However, only equations that are referenced in the text are required to be numbered, e.g.

x + y = z (1)

x – y = a (2)

If the equation is likely to run over one line, please indicate suitable places to ‘break’ the equation. Equations should not appear in footnotes.

In the text, equations should be referred to in this style:

‘As Equation (3) shows […]’

For further information, please consult Subsection 5.2 in the Sage style guide.

12. Tables and figures

Tables and figures should be self-explanatory as far as possible, and headings should be fairly brief. The use of abbreviations in figures or tables should be limited. Additional explanatory material, such as explanations of abbreviations or the significance levels, should be added in notes immediately below the table or figure, clearly set off from the rest of the text. Such notes should not be preceded by the word ‘Note’. JPR has no categories such as diagrams, charts, or maps, so the author should decide whether they are tables (with quantitative data or text) or figures (with graphical data).

All table and figure contents should be in ‘Sentence case’. Please aim to include full words instead of abbreviations in table and figure contents.

Table and figure numbers should be followed by full stop (not colon).

Tables should be numbered with Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.). The Table heading should be placed above the table and have no end punctuation.

Table I. Exports of major weapon systems to the Third World, 2004

Figures should be numbered with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). Figure headings should be placed below the figure.

Figure 1. Number of armed conflicts by type, 1946–2006

At original submission, tables and figures should be included in the main text and should not be placed at the end of the document.

The results are presented in Table I below.

Table I. Logit regression results, 1946–2010

Dependent variable: Civil war

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4

If the article is accepted for publication (i.e. after conditional acceptance), tables and figures should be placed at the end of the document (following the reference list) and uploaded as individual files. A text indicator/place holder should be inserted after the paragraph where the table is first mentioned, in the following manner:

The results are presented in Table I below.

Table I in here

Figure format and resolution: In the final version of the manuscript, figures must be provided in high quality .eps, .tif, or .jpg files (at least 350 dpi). A description of how to produce high-resolution figures in Stata and R can be found at The Political Methodologist. If the figures are too large to be uploaded to Sagetrack, they can be sent to in a zip-file jpr@prio.org.

Furthermore, figures in the final version of the manuscript must be understandable in black and white print, so please use colors that are easily distinguishable in greyscale. Although figures will appear in the original colors in the online version of the article, they will appear in greyscale in the printed version of the issue if the authors have not paid for color print (see Section X). It is also common among readers downloading articles to print them in greyscale.

13. Statistical significance

We generally discourage the reporting of statistical significance at the 10% level. However, if you do wish to retain 10% significance levels, please do provide an explanation, and use a cross (‘†’) to signify 10% statistical significance. Use asterisks (*) for the other significance levels (i.e., one for 5%; two for 1%, and three for 0.1%). Explain significance levels in the note below regression tables, and include a note if one-tailed tests are used.

14. Numbers, percentage, and dates

Numbers higher than ten should be expressed as figures (e.g. five, eight, ten, but 21, 99, 100).

Numbers from 1,000 and above should be comma separated by the 1000s.

The use of decimals in tables (and in the text) should be consistent. The use of maximum three decimals is encouraged.

For numbers between 1 and -1, the use of zero before decimal marks should be consistent in the text, tables and figures, i.e. either ‘0.003’ or ‘.003’.

The % sign is used rather than the word ‘percent’ (0.3%, 3%, 30%).

Dates should be written in the following form: ‘11 June 2014’.

15. Variables

Variables described in the text should be italicized and written in ‘Sentence case’.

The original source must be referred to for all variables used, and coding criteria must be explained if a variable has been made by the author(s). The version number of the dataset used should also be specified.

If a journal article introducing the dataset has been published, this must be cited. In addition, an URL to the dataset should be provided in a footnote or in the reference list (see Section 17, under the subheading ‘Datasets’). If not, the creators of the dataset should be cited.

In the text:

The variable Foreign nonviolence allt–1 is from Chenoweth and Lewis (2013a, b). It is measured as the percentage of all other autocracies in the international system that experienced an ongoing nonviolent campaign in the previous year. The variable Democracy is based on the –10 to 10 Polity IV scale (Marshall et al., 2014).

In the reference list:

Chenoweth E and Lewis O (2013) Nonviolent and violent campaigns and outcomes (NAVCO) data project, version 2.0. Available at: http://www.du.edu/korbel/sie/research/chenow_navco_data.html (accessed 15 August 2024).

Chenoweth E and Lewis O (2013) Unpacking nonviolent campaigns: Introducing the NAVCO 2.0 dataset. Journal of Peace Research 50(3): 415–423.

Marshall, MG, Gurr TR and Jaggers K (2014) Polity IV project: Political regime characteristics and transitions, 1800–2013. Center for Systemic Peace. Available at: http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata.html (accessed 04 August 2024).

16. Abbreviations

Acronyms and abbreviations should be used sparingly, and explained the first time they occur. Do not use full stop after abbreviations in the text nor in the reference list.

17. References

JPR uses the SAGE Harvard referencing conventions.

The source of all empirical claims and data used must be properly acknowledged, and authors must also make sure that all references in the text are in the reference list, and that all references in the reference list are cited in the text.

Following conditional acceptance, all references in the text and in the reference list must follow the SAGE Harvard style. Below follows an explanation f this reference style for in-text references, the reference list, and for archival material.

General

Initials should be used without spaces or full points. Up to three authors may be listed. If more are provided, then list the first three authors and represent the rest by et al.

Text citations

1. All references in the text and notes must be specified by the authors’ last names and date of publication together with page numbers if given.
2. Do not use ibid., op. cit., infra., supra. Instead, show the subsequent citation of the same source in the same way as the first.
3. Where et al. is used in textual citations, this should always be upright, not italic.

Note the following for style of text citations:

1. If the author’s name is in the text, follow with year in parentheses:... Author Last Name (year) has argued ...
2. If author’s name is not in the text, insert last name, comma and year:... several works (Author Last Name, year) have described ...
3. Where appropriate, the page number follows the year, separated by a colon: ... it has been noted (Author Last Name, year: page nos) that ...
4. Where there are two authors, give both names, joined by ‘and’; if three or more authors, use et al.: ... it has been stated (Author Last Name and Author Last Name, year) ... ... some investigators (Author Last Name et al., year) ...
5. If there is more than one reference to the same author and year, insert a, b, etc. in both the text and the list: ... it was described (Author Last Name, yeara, yearb) ...
6. Enclose within a single pair of parentheses a series of references, separated by semicolons: ... and it has been noted (Author Last Name and Author Last Name, year; Author Last Name and Author Last Name, year; Author Last Name, year) ...

Please order alphabetically by author names. 7. If two or more references by the same author are cited together, separate the dates with a comma:... the author has stated this in several studies (Author Last Name, year, year, year, year) .

Please start with the oldest publication.

8. Enclose within the parentheses any brief phrase associated with the reference:... several investigators have claimed this (but see Author Last Name, year: page nos–page nos)
9. For an institutional authorship, supply the minimum citation from the beginning of the complete reference:... a recent statement (Name of Institution, year: page nos) ...... occupational data (Name of Bureau or Institution, year: page nos) reveal ...
10. For authorless articles or studies, use the name of the magazine, journal, newspaper or sponsoring organization, and not the title of the article:... it was stated (Name of Journal, year) that ...
11. Citations from personal communications are not included in the reference list:... has been hypothesized (Name of Person Cited, year, personal communication).

Reference list

1. Check that the list is in alphabetical order (treat Mc as Mac).
2. Names should be in upper and lower case.
3. Where several references have the same author(s), do not use ditto marks or em dashes; the name must be repeated each time.
4. Last Names containing de, van, von, De, Van, Von, de la, etc. should be listed under D and V respectively. List them as: De Roux DP and not Roux DP, de. When cited in the main text without the first name, use capitals for De, Van, Von, De la, etc. (Van Dijk, year)
5. Names containing Jr or II should be listed as follows:

• Author Last Name Initial Jr (year)
• Author Last Name Initial II (year)

6. References where the first-named author is the same should be listed as follows:

• Single-author references in date order;
• Two-author references in alphabetical order according to the second author’s name;
• Et al. references in alphabetical order; in the event of more than one entry having the same date, they should be placed in alphabetical order of second (or third) author, and a, b, etc. must be inserted.

Brown J (2003)

Brown TR and Yates P (2003) Brown W (2002)

Brown W (2003a) Brown W (2003b)

Brown W and Jones M (2003) Brown W and Peters P (2003)

Brown W, Hughes J and Kent T (2003a) Brown W, Kent T and Lewis S (2003b)

7. Check that all periodical data are included – volume, issue and page numbers, publisher, place of publication, etc.
8. Journal titles should not be abbreviated in SAGE Harvard journal references
9. Where et al. is used in reference lists, it should always be upright, not italic.

Reference styles

Book Clark JM and Hockey L (1979) Research for Nursing. Leeds: Dobson Publishers.

Book chapter Gumley V (1988) Skin cancers. In: Tschudin V and Brown EB (eds) Nursing the Patient with Cancer. London: Hall House, 26–52.

Journal article Huth EJ, King K and Lock S (1988) Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. British Medical Journal 296(4): 401–405.

Journal article published ahead of print Huth EJ, King K and Lock S (1988) Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals.British Medical Journal. Epub ahead of print 12 June 2011. DOI: 10.1177/09544327167940.

Website National Center for Professional Certification (2002) Factors affecting organizational climate and retention. Available at: www.cwla.org./programmes/triechmann/2002fbwfiles (accessed 10 July 2010).

Thesis/dissertation Clark JM (2001) Referencing style for journals. PhD Thesis, University of Leicester, UK.

Newspaper/magazine Clark JM (2006) Referencing style for journals. The Independent, 21 May, 10.

Conference article (published or unpublished) Clark JM and Smith P (2002) Latest research on car exhaust manifolds. In: 17th international conference on strain analysis (ed L Macadam), London, UK, 23–25 September 2010, pp.12–14. London: Professional Engineering Publishing.

Blog Clark JM (2006) Article title. In: Blog title. Available at: www.blogit.com/johnmatthewclark (accessed 20 August 2011).

Report\

1. MacDonald S (2008) The state of social welfare in the UK. Report, University of Durham, UK, June.
2. Citigroup Ltd. (2011) How to make your money work for you. Report for the Department of Finance. Report no. 123345, 13 June. Oxford: OUP.

*Package insert (Medical etc.)*1. Eisai Inc. (2008) Aloxi (package insert). New York: Esai Inc.

Standard1. ISO 27799:2008 (2008) Information security management in health.

Archival material

References to archival material should be in author-date format in the text and appear in the reference list. The full name of the series should be stated when referenced for the first time. In the reference list, entries should contain information about author(s), the type of document (e.g. report, letter), recipient(s), date, and preferably Series, Box, Folder (which are standard archival source identifiers). The physical location of the archive should be stated, and if it is all digital, identify the hosting institution and comment upon the origins of the archive. If the archive is available online, please provide URLs to the documents.

Example…

Tools for managing references

LaTeX

You will probably need to adjust some issues in the reference list manually. An easy way to manually edit references in LaTeX is to first compile the document with the jpr.bst file. Once compiled, you will obtain a .bbl file, which contains all the references used in the article. Delete the two lines in your main .tex file that control the bibtex processing (the \bibliography and \bibliographystyle commands) and paste the entire content of the .bbl file into the .tex file. You can then manually edit the list of references that is now part of the main .tex file.

When submitting the final version of the manuscript (following conditional acceptance), please upload all files necessary to compile the .pdf file.

18. JPR research transparency and replication data policy

The Journal of Peace Research is committed to data sharing and scientific transparency and has signed onto the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) Joint Statement.

Replication data for articles using quantitative data

Authors of articles using quantitative data are required to facilitate the replication of their empirical analysis (including the creation of tables and figures) through the posting of:

1. The data (in the original format and preferably also in text format, e.g. csv);
2. A file containing the exact commands used in the empirical analysis (often referred to as ‘do’, ‘batch’, ‘syntax’, or ‘run’ files), which should be clearly commented and include references to all empirical claims made;
3. A codebook or any other relevant description of the variables and the dataset;
4. A file containing the actual output from the statistical software used (often referred to as ‘log’ or ‘output’);
5. A ‘readme’ document including a summary of all replication materials and a brief description of each of the files.

Following conditional acceptance, the following replication data paragraph (or some appropriate variation) should be included in the manuscript immediately following the main text and before the list of references:

Replication data

The dataset, codebook, and do-files for the empirical analysis in this article, along with the online appendix, are available at https://www.prio.org/jpr/datasets/ [the author’s own URL may be included in addition]. All analyses were conducted using [statistical program].

Research transparency documentation for qualitative data

Authors of articles using qualitative data are asked to include a description of the data collection, ethics, and analysis in the article itself, and to provide and Online appendix to provide additional documentation, such as interview guides and more details about the conditions of the data collection procedures and analysis to increase research transparency. When permissible from an ethical and legal perspective, authors are also encouraged to create an online archive of the interview transcript, oral histories, or other materials used for the research that are otherwise difficult to obtain.

Following conditional acceptance, the following research transparency paragraph (or some appropriate variation) should be included in the manuscript immediately following the main text and before the list of references:

Research transparency and data

The Online appendix, which includes additional information regarding the data collection procedures, ethical considerations, and interview documentation, is available at https://www.prio.org/jpr/datasets/.

Following Conditional acceptance, authors must send their replication material to the Editorial Office at jpr@prio.org. The files are posted at https://www.prio.org/jpr/datasets/ when the article has been published online. Authors are, of course, free to post the data on their own websites as well.

19. Acknowledgements and funding

Following conditional acceptance, an acknowledgements section and a funding section can be included at the end of the main text if desired (before the reference list, but after the replication data statement). This information should be included in the final version of the manuscript only.

Acknowledgements

We have profited from helpful comments provided by three anonymous referees, the editor of JPR, and our colleagues.

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge support from […].

20. Biographical statement

A bibliographical statement must be included after conditional acceptance. It should appear immediately after the list of references, and all co-authors should provide separate biographies.

The bibliographies should be brief and include:

1. Full name;
2. Year of birth (NOT MANDATORY);
3. Highest academic degree and field of the degree (Economics, Political Science, etc.), the year this was achieved, and the institution where this was obtained;
4. Current position and institutional affiliation, and the start year of current position;
5. Authors may also indicate their present main research interest or recent authored or edited books as well as other institutional affiliations which have occupied a major portion of their professional lives.

Use capital initials for subjects (Economics, Political Science), degrees (Cand.Polit.), and positions (Assistant Professor), and do not use full stops in PhD, MA, MSc, etc.

ABDULAH NASSA, b. 1947, PhD in Economics (University of Michigan, 1966); Associate Professor, Florida State University (1964–present); various visiting academic positions in Sudan, India, and Britain. Most recent book: Economics of Crime (Harper & Row, 1996).

IVER IVERSEN, b. 1976, Cand. Polit. (University of Oslo, 2002); Secretary, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2002–04); University Fellow in Political Science, University of Oslo (2004–present); current main interest: global political economy. Most recent book in English: Globalization and Conflict (Sage, 2005).

21. Online appendices

Please refer to your appendices for posting on JPR’s replication page as “Online appendix” or “Online appendices”

These may be used to include important information that would unduly break up the information in the main text.

JPR operates with two kinds of appendices:

1. Appendices that are included in the printed article and that are part of the word count. These are placed after the list of references and are referred to as ‘the Appendix’ in the text, or if there are several: ‘Appendix 1’, ‘Appendix 2’, etc. You may choose to use letters instead: ‘Appendix A’…
2. Online appendices that are posted on JPR’s replication data page https://www.prio.org/jpr/datasets/ and that are not part of the world count. These are referred to as ‘the Online appendix’ in the text, or if there are several: ‘Online appendix 1’, ‘Online appendix 2’, etc. You may choose to use letters instead: ‘Online appendix A’…

When submitting to JPR, authors must indicate clearly if an appendix is a regular appendix or an online appendix. Furthermore, we ask that tables and figures in appendices are prefixed (i.e. A1, A2, etc.).

Both regular and Online appendices are normally sent out for peer review together with the manuscript. Exceptions can be made for very extensive appendices (e.g. over 25 pages).