The project set out to explore the diversity of the madrasa sector in Afghanistan and to identify potential alternatives for religious institution building in Afghanistan. The project has involved a number of consultations with relevant people in Afghanistan to solicit opinions on madrasa reform and the needs and potential for institution building in the religious education sector. The project builds on the earlier project ‘Trans-border Religious Networks: The Case of Religious Education in Afghanistan and Pakistan’, which scrutinized the role of religious education in Afghanistan; the Afghan-based madrasas as part of a transnational system of education; and the links between madrasas and political radicalization and militancy.