As seen in Nigeria, with the decoupling of visa facilitation from readmission agreements, the EU lacks an effective incentive for negotiations with partner countries, yet seeks to incentivise with financial aid, trade agreements and other prospective partnerships.
Ike, Niels; Elaine Lebon-McGregor; Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert & Ayşe Bala Akal (2024) Should the EU give up on readmission agreements as a foreign policy tool?. MIGNEX Policy Brief.