Although we might expect negative effects of involuntary immobility on development, we find evidence to the contrary. In general, individuals with strong aspirations to migrate but limited ability to do so are more active in searching for jobs, more active in their community and more likely to participate in protests.
Carling, Jørgen; Mathias Czaika; Carlos Vargas-Silva & Melissa Siegel (2024) Effects of involuntary immobility on development. MIGNEX Report.